Wool is a natural protein fiber primarily composed of keratin, giving it inherent durability and resilience. Structurally, the fiber is characterized by a unique crimp and overlapping scale pattern, properties that contribute significantly to its insulating capacity and ability to maintain shape even when wet. Because of its crimp, the material readily traps air, making it an excellent insulator that provides thermal regulation for various applications. Historically and technologically, the processed fiber has been central to textile production, ranging from protective outer garments to fine woven materials. Its use continues to evolve, encompassing uses in technical textiles, insulation, and specialized biological scaffolds, valued for its combination of warmth, elasticity, and sustainable source material.