Woodworking is a traditional and applied craft that involves shaping and constructing objects using solid pieces of wood. As a technology, it relies fundamentally on understanding the anisotropic physical properties of wood, which requires knowledge of its cellular structure, grain patterns, and dimensional stability. The processes employed range from basic cutting and planing to complex joining techniques, such as mortise and tenon joints, which utilize mechanical stress distribution principles. Modern methods incorporate advances in material joining, surface finishing chemistry, and power tools, allowing for increased precision and structural integrity in the resulting artifacts.