Torque is a measure of the force that causes an object to rotate around an axis or pivot point. Quantitatively, it is defined as the product of the force applied and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of that force. In mechanical physics, torque ($\tau$) is an essential concept used to analyze rotational motion and the forces required to maintain or change an object's angular velocity. The magnitude of the torque dictates the resulting angular acceleration, making it critical for the design and analysis of mechanical systems, simple machines, and structural dynamics where rotational effort must be precisely calculated.