A thiol is an organic functional group characterized by the presence of a sulfhydryl group ($\text{-SH}$). These compounds are crucial in biology, notably represented by the amino acid cysteine, where the thiols participate in the formation of stabilizing disulfide bridges ($\text{S-S}$) within protein structures. Chemically, the thiol group exhibits relatively high acidity and is a potent nucleophile, making it reactive in numerous chemical transformations. Beyond biochemistry, thiols play a significant role in materials science and nanotechnology; they are widely utilized for forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal substrates, providing a predictable and stable surface modification layer critical for the development of advanced sensors, catalysts, and electronic devices.