Speech synthesis, or text-to-speech (TTS), is a technology that converts written text into artificial speech. This process involves several computational steps, beginning with text analysis to normalize abbreviations and punctuation, followed by phonetic conversion to determine the precise sounds required. Modern synthesis methods often rely on sophisticated acoustic modeling and digital signal processing to generate realistic and natural-sounding speech. These systems can range from concatenative methods, which stitch together recorded phonemes, to parametric or deep learning models, which generate speech by modeling the complex relationships between linguistic features and acoustic parameters. The resulting synthesized speech can be controlled for pitch, rate, and timbre, making it useful in accessibility tools, automated customer service systems, and multimedia applications.