Solar power involves the conversion of solar radiation into usable energy, representing a significant source in the global energy portfolio. The primary technologies include photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight directly into direct current (DC) electricity through the photoelectric effect using semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon. Another major method is concentrated solar power (CSP), which uses large arrays of mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto a receiver, generating intense heat. This thermal energy is then used to create steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. Modern advancements in the field focus heavily on improving conversion efficiency, developing integrated energy storage solutions, and optimizing power grid integration to ensure reliable, sustainable energy supply.