Solar energy is the radiant light and heat generated by the sun, representing one of the primary sources of natural power on Earth. Physically, this energy is captured through two main mechanisms: the photovoltaic effect and thermal transfer. Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electrical current using semiconductor materials, forming the basis of modern solar power systems. Alternatively, concentrated solar power systems use mirrors or lenses to focus the sun's rays onto a receiver, generating intense heat that drives turbines to produce electricity. Because the energy source is continually replenished by stellar fusion, it is recognized as a highly sustainable resource for global power generation.