Sea ice is a physical state of frozen seawater that forms when surface ocean temperatures drop below the freezing point. Its composition and thickness are highly variable, depending on local climatic conditions and salinity. The presence of sea ice significantly impacts the physical oceanography of a region, influencing the surface albedo, which affects the amount of solar energy absorbed by the ocean. From an ecological standpoint, the underside of the ice provides essential habitat and shelter for numerous marine organisms, forming a critical part of the polar food web. The formation and melting cycles of sea ice are key components in global climate systems, influencing ocean circulation patterns and the exchange of heat and gases between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere.