A screw is a mechanical device that consists of a threaded shaft, designed to convert rotational motion into linear motion. The fundamental principle involves engaging these helical threads with a mating material, such as a tapped hole or a nut. When rotational force is applied, the geometry of the threads allows the screw to exert axial force, drawing the components together or anchoring the assembly. Various screw types exist, differentiated by their thread pitch, root geometry, and material composition, allowing them to transmit high loads efficiently in applications ranging from structural fastening to fluid conveyance.