Schizophrenia is a chronic, complex mental disorder characterized by a constellation of symptoms that can profoundly impact thought processes, emotions, and behavior. The disorder is classified within the spectrum of psychotic disorders, marked by a detachment from reality, which can manifest as hallucinations (perceiving things that are not there) and delusions (firmly held false beliefs). Cognitive impairments, such as difficulties with memory and executive function, are also common. Biological theories suggest that the condition involves dysregulation of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and glutamate, affecting various brain circuits. Management typically involves a combination of psychopharmacological agents and psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing symptoms and improving functional capacity.