Scattering is a fundamental process in physics where incident radiation or particles interact with matter, causing them to change direction from their original trajectory. This phenomenon occurs when the energy transfer or momentum exchange causes the redirection of photons, electrons, or other quanta. The characteristics of the scattered radiation—including its intensity, angular distribution, and spectral modification—are dictated by the nature of the incident wave and the physical parameters of the scattering medium, such as density, refractive index, and particle size. Different mechanisms exist, such as Rayleigh scattering, which is strongly dependent on the inverse fourth power of the wavelength, and Mie scattering, which occurs when the size of the scattering particles is comparable to the wavelength of the illuminating radiation. The study of scattering is critical in fields ranging from atmospheric science, where it explains sky coloration, to medical diagnostics, where it is used to image internal biological structures.