A sanitary sewer is a network of conduits designed to collect and transport domestic wastewater from individual sources within developed areas to a centralized treatment facility. These subsurface systems are engineered to manage the conveyance of routine residential and commercial sewage, which typically contains biological waste and household runoff, ensuring the removal of contaminants from the local environment. Effective operation requires maintaining specific hydraulic gradients and materials resistant to corrosive chemical and biological interactions. The function of the sanitary sewer is a critical element of public health infrastructure, preventing the contamination of potable water sources and mitigating the spread of waterborne pathogens by directing waste flows for subsequent purification and disposal.