A root canal is an endodontic treatment designed to clean, shape, and disinfect the internal pulp chambers and root canals of a tooth. The pulp contains soft tissue, blood vessels, and nerves, and when it becomes infected or inflamed, pain and decay can occur. During the procedure, specialized instruments are used to meticulously remove the infected or necrotic pulp tissue. Following thorough disinfection and preparation, the canals are filled with a biocompatible material to seal the tooth structure, which helps prevent re-infection and allows the tooth to maintain its natural function.