Rail transport is a mechanical system designed for moving vehicles along fixed routes, known as rails. This method harnesses the principles of rolling friction and specialized propulsion, utilizing traction motors or external power sources to generate motive force. As a transportation medium, it is highly efficient for the movement of large volumes of both cargo and people over long distances, providing reliability independent of surface conditions such as those faced by wheeled vehicles. Modern systems encompass a diverse range of applications, including heavy freight haulage, high-speed intercity travel, and high-capacity underground metro systems, all relying on sophisticated engineering to manage weight, speed, and continuous momentum.