The Quaternary Period represents the most recent epoch in Earth's geological history, characterized primarily by cycles of glaciation and warming. Geologically, it is subdivided into various epochs, reflecting significant climatic fluctuations. During this period, major global ice sheets formed and retreated repeatedly, profoundly impacting global sea levels and modifying the distribution of biomes and fossil records. The study of Quaternary deposits provides critical data regarding past climate changes, atmospheric composition shifts, and the evolution of biological life.