Prokaryotes represent the simplest and most ancient form of life, characterized by their lack of internal membrane-bound organelles, most notably a true nucleus. Their genetic material is typically concentrated in a region called the nucleoid within the cytoplasm. This domain includes vast groups of microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, which exhibit remarkable metabolic versatility, allowing them to thrive in an extremely diverse range of ecological niches. Due to their structural simplicity and rapid replication, prokaryotes are immensely diverse and play fundamental roles in global biogeochemical cycles.