A plateau is a large area of elevated land that is relatively flat on top and often possesses steep sides or edges. Geologically, these formations are typically created by massive uplift of the Earth's crust, extensive lava flows, or the deposition of durable sedimentary layers. The underlying rock structure and the erosional processes acting upon it dictate the physical characteristics of the surface, which can vary widely in composition. From a physical science perspective, plateaus influence regional climate and hydrology by controlling drainage patterns and creating unique ecological niches due to their elevation and limited connection to lower surrounding lands.