Piping, in the context of fluid conveyance, refers to enclosed passages designed to transport liquids or gases between two or more points. The function relies on the principles of fluid dynamics, requiring structural materials capable of containing the operating pressure, temperature, and chemical interactions of the transported medium. Effective conveyance requires careful design consideration of the pipe diameter, wall thickness, and overall routing to minimize energy loss due to friction and manage flow resistance. The system must also incorporate appropriate fittings, valves, and joints to allow for maintenance, flow control, and expansion while maintaining the structural integrity of the entire circuit.