Physiology is the scientific study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. It examines how biological systems operate, investigating the mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain internal stability, a process known as homeostasis. This field analyzes biological processes across various scales, from the molecular interactions of biomolecules and the electrical signaling within specialized tissues, to the integrated function of complex organ systems. Core areas of study involve energy metabolism, the transport of materials, fluid dynamics, and the regulation of physiological parameters in response to internal or external stimuli. Understanding physiology is fundamental to comprehending life processes and the mechanisms by which biological entities interact with their environment.