Ozone ($\text{O}_3$) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. In the stratosphere, it forms the ozone layer, which is crucial for life on Earth because it absorbs the majority of incoming solar ultraviolet radiation, thereby protecting biological systems from damaging wavelengths. Ozone's formation and destruction processes involve complex photochemical cycles, naturally maintaining a stable protective shield. Conversely, when ozone accumulates in the troposphere—the lowest layer of the atmosphere—it acts as a potent air pollutant. At ground level, it is a strong oxidant that damages respiratory tissues and contributes to the degradation of vegetation, highlighting the environmental impact of its atmospheric concentration gradients.