Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye disorders. This specialty encompasses the visual system and often involves the assessment of refractive errors, inflammation, and degenerative conditions. The field utilizes various diagnostic techniques to evaluate ocular structures, including the retina, optic nerve, and lens. Treatment modalities range from prescribing pharmaceutical agents to performing specialized surgical procedures, such as those used to correct cataracts or manage glaucoma. The objective of practice is the preservation of optimal visual function and the management of associated systemic diseases that impact vision.