Oncology is the medical discipline dedicated to the study and treatment of neoplastic diseases, commonly known as cancer. This field involves understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the subsequent formation of malignant tumors. Diagnosis relies on methods such as imaging, tissue biopsy, and genetic profiling to determine the type and stage of the malignancy. Treatment strategies are multidisciplinary, encompassing local therapies, systemic treatments, and preventative measures. These modalities include surgery for physical removal of tissue, radiation therapy utilizing high-energy radiation, and various systemic agents designed to interfere with the rapid growth and spread of abnormal cells throughout the body.