Occupational safety and health focuses on the assessment and control of hazards within the workplace environment to prevent injuries and illnesses. The field integrates principles from industrial hygiene, ergonomics, toxicology, and physics to identify sources of harm, such as physical agents (e.g., noise, vibration), chemical agents, and biological pathogens. Mitigation strategies involve a hierarchy of controls, prioritizing the elimination of the hazard or the implementation of engineering controls—such as ventilation systems or machine guarding—over procedural changes or personal protective equipment. Systematic monitoring, risk assessment, and the establishment of standard operating procedures are central to maintaining a safe industrial environment and promoting human health in technical work settings.