Obesity is defined as a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat tissues, which can lead to significant health risks. This condition arises from a sustained positive energy balance, meaning the consumption of calories exceeds the energy expenditure required by the body. At the physiological level, the excess energy is stored in adipose tissue, which is composed of adipocytes. The resultant increase in visceral and subcutaneous fat can contribute to chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances. These metabolic dysfunctions increase the risk for developing other serious health issues, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer, necessitating lifestyle modifications and, when necessary, medical intervention.