Nutrition is the scientific field that studies the relationship between diet and health. It examines how various nutrients—including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals—are utilized by the body to provide energy and facilitate essential biological functions. Proper nutrition involves the intake of a balanced diet that meets the metabolic requirements of an organism, supporting processes such as growth, maintenance, and repair. Deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake can impair systemic function, leading to various physiological conditions, while adequate nutrition is fundamental for optimal biological health.