Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction that powers certain stars and involves the process of combining two or more light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing tremendous amounts of energy. This process requires overcoming the strong electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nuclei, necessitating extremely high temperatures and pressures, typically achieved through magnetic confinement or inertial confinement methods. The potential application of controlled fusion energy lies in generating a carbon-free power source with fuel materials that are abundant. While significant advancements are being made, sustaining the necessary extreme conditions in a controlled environment remains a complex technological and scientific challenge.