Nervous tissue is a specialized biological tissue responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout an organism. It is primarily composed of neurons, which are highly specialized cells capable of generating and conducting action potentials, and glial cells, which provide structural support, nourishment, and insulation. Neurons communicate with adjacent cells via synapses, allowing rapid information transfer that mediates sensory input, controls motor output, and coordinates internal physiological functions. The process of signal conduction often involves myelination, a process that increases the speed and efficiency of electrical impulse transmission along the cellular structure.