Natural gas is a naturally occurring mixture of combustible gases that is primarily composed of methane ($\text{CH}_4$), although it frequently contains other hydrocarbon components such as ethane, propane, and butane. These gases are found trapped within geological formations and are characterized by their gaseous state under normal surface conditions. Due to its high calorific value, natural gas is widely utilized as a fuel source for various applications, including the generation of electrical power, residential heating, and industrial processes. Its chemical composition allows it to combust cleanly, making it a significant resource in the global energy sector.