A natural disaster refers to the sudden occurrence of a severe physical event, such as an earthquake, tsunami, major flood, or volcanic eruption, originating from natural processes of the Earth. These events are categorized scientifically based on their physical mechanism, encompassing geohazards (related to crustal movement), hydrohazards (related to water dynamics), and meteorohazards (related to atmospheric processes). The destructive potential of such occurrences results from the massive release of stored energy within the planet's systems. The assessment and prediction of these phenomena involve complex fields of study, utilizing geophysical instruments and advanced models to understand hazard zones and estimate potential impact. Mitigation strategies are primarily focused on infrastructure hardening, early warning systems, and community preparedness to reduce the vulnerability of human populations to unavoidable geophysical forces.