The experiment involved the measurement of the Earth's motion relative to a hypothesized universal medium, historically termed the luminiferous aether, which was believed to carry light waves. Using an interferometer setup, the methodology was designed to detect a measurable change in the speed of light as the apparatus was oriented perpendicular to the direction of the assumed relative motion. The consistent null result indicated that the speed of light was constant regardless of the observer's motion or the Earth's assumed velocity through this medium. This outcome provided foundational empirical evidence that contradicted established classical physics models concerning the propagation of electromagnetic radiation, contributing significantly to the development of modern theories regarding spacetime and the constancy of physical constants.