Methane ($\text{CH}_4$) is a simple hydrocarbon gas that constitutes the primary component of natural gas and is the second most abundant anthropogenic gas in the Earth’s atmosphere after carbon dioxide. Chemically, it is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly flammable and an uncombusted byproduct of various natural and biological processes. In the biosphere, it is produced through anaerobic decomposition in environments such as wetlands, ruminant digestive systems, and landfills. Given its strong greenhouse gas potential, methane plays a critical role in climate science, as its concentration contributes significantly to global warming. Because it possesses a high global warming potential relative to its atmospheric lifespan, the capture and mitigation of methane emissions represent a key focus area in atmospheric chemistry and environmental engineering.