Measles is a highly contagious viral exanthem that typically manifests in respiratory and skin symptoms. It is caused by a paramyxovirus and spreads easily through airborne droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. The disease commonly presents with a distinctive rash, cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis. While most cases resolve without permanent complications, the illness can lead to severe outcomes, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a progressive neurological condition. Prevention is achieved through vaccination, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen.