Masonry is a fundamental building technique involving the assembly of individual units, such as stone, brick, or blocks, to create load-bearing and enclosure walls. These units are bound together using mortar, which typically consists of a binding agent mixed with aggregates. The structural performance of masonry depends heavily on the chemical compatibility of the materials, the bonding strength of the mortar, and the correct execution of the joints. As a building science, masonry offers diverse applications in construction, forming resilient structures capable of supporting vertical and horizontal loads, and remains a critical component in materials science and civil engineering.