Malaria is a vector-borne protozoan infection transmitted primarily through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. The underlying cause is a parasite that infects red blood cells, disrupting the normal function of the blood and leading to symptoms such as cyclical fever, chills, and anemia. The life cycle of the parasite involves multiple hosts, requiring both the mosquito vector and the human host to complete its development. Diagnosis typically relies on microscopic identification of the parasite within the blood or through rapid diagnostic tests. Treatment involves specific antiparasitic medication designed to target the protozoan organism, while prevention strategies focus on minimizing exposure to the vectors and improving sanitation measures.