Magnetism is a fundamental physical force arising from the motion of electric charges. This force can manifest in various forms, including permanent magnetism exhibited by materials with aligned internal magnetic domains, and temporary magnetism induced by external electric currents. The interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents is central to many technological applications, enabling the creation of devices such as electric motors, generators, and transducers. Understanding the properties of magnetic materials and the physics of magnetic fields is crucial for modern advancements in electronics, data storage, and energy generation, utilizing principles of electromagnetic induction.