Lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells originating in the tissues of the lung. The primary risk factor globally is exposure to inhaled carcinogens, particularly tobacco smoke, although non-smoking related causes, such as radon gas and industrial pollutants, also contribute significantly. The disease process involves the accumulation of genetic mutations that promote abnormal cell division and subsequent invasion of surrounding tissues. Diagnosis relies on various methods, including imaging scans and tissue biopsy, to determine the cancer's type and stage. Management is multidisciplinary and often involves a combination of interventions, which may include surgical resection of affected tissue, the use of radiation therapy to destroy cancerous cells, and systemic treatments such as chemotherapy or targeted therapies.