Longevity, in a scientific context, refers to the study of extending the viable lifespan and maintaining optimal health. Biologically, aging is characterized by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time, processes that include genomic instability, accumulation of harmful proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current research investigates various pathways, such as senescence, which is the state where cells cease dividing while remaining metabolically active, thereby contributing to tissue deterioration. Approaches to enhancing lifespan are multi-faceted, encompassing pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating fundamental cellular pathways, optimizing biological processes, and understanding the relationship between diet, exercise, and overall physical resilience. The goal of modern gerontology is not solely to extend chronological time, but primarily to increase the healthspan—the duration of life spent in good health, free from chronic disease.