Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium *Mycobacterium leprae*. This pathogen primarily targets cooler areas of the body, notably the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Transmission occurs through prolonged, close contact with an infected individual. The disease process involves a chronic inflammatory reaction, leading to characteristic lesions and damage to peripheral nerves, which can result in sensory deficits and motor impairment. Diagnosis and management rely on identifying the causative microorganism and administering multidrug therapy. Modern therapeutic approaches aim to eliminate the bacterial load and prevent disability, requiring adherence to comprehensive treatment regimens involving several antibiotics.