Land transport encompasses the movement of materials and people across terrestrial surfaces using engineered vehicles and dedicated infrastructure. This field relies on principles of mechanical engineering, materials science, and fluid dynamics to manage various modes, such as rail, road, and pipeline systems. Vehicles must overcome various resistive forces, including rolling resistance and air drag, necessitating efficient power sources and optimized structural designs. The infrastructure supporting this system includes paved and unpaved routes, bridges, and tunnels, all of which are designed to safely facilitate the movement of goods and passengers over vast distances.