The laws governing the motion of planets describe the geometry and dynamics of celestial bodies orbiting a central star. The first law states that the orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the star located at one of the two foci. The second law dictates that a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time, meaning that orbital speed is not constant and varies inversely with the distance from the central body. Finally, the third law establishes a relationship between the orbital period and the distance of the orbit: the square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the elliptical path. These principles remain foundational in orbital mechanics and astrophysics.