Jet aircraft are powered by reaction engines that generate forward thrust by accelerating a mass of fluid, typically air, through a nozzle. This technology operates based on the principles of physics, specifically Newton's third law of motion, where the expulsion of high-velocity exhaust gases creates a propulsive force. The general system involves ingesting atmospheric air, mixing it with fuel, and combusting the mixture to create high-pressure, high-temperature gases. These gases are then expanded through a turbine and finally expelled through a nozzle, creating the substantial thrust necessary to lift and propel the airframe. These propulsion systems allow for significantly higher operational speeds and altitudes compared to traditional piston-engine aircraft, making them foundational technology in modern aviation.