An impact crater is a geological depression formed on a planet or celestial body by the hypervelocity collision of a large asteroid, comet, or meteoroid. These features are formed when the kinetic energy of the impacting object is rapidly transferred to the target surface, creating a shock wave that excavates and compresses the underlying material. The resulting structure typically comprises a bowl-shaped depression bounded by an uplifted rim, and often features extensive deposits of ejected material known as ejecta blankets. Depending on the energy of the impact, the crater may also exhibit a central peak or ring structure, which forms due to the rebound and collapse of the transient crater cavity. The study of these features provides valuable evidence regarding the early bombardment history, geological processes, and planetary evolution of solar systems.