Hypertension is defined as the chronic elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure, significantly increasing the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the body's arteries. Elevated blood pressure necessitates that the cardiovascular system work harder to circulate blood, potentially leading to damage over time. The underlying causes are often multifactorial, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and the deterioration of arterial elasticity. Untreated hypertension is a major risk factor for serious health complications, including heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular issues. Management typically involves lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions designed to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and optimize cardiac function.