The human eye is a complex sensory organ designed for detecting light and transducing that signal into electrical impulses interpreted as visual information by the brain. Structurally, it is housed within a protective bony orbit and consists of several specialized components, including the cornea, lens, iris, and vitreous humor. Light enters through the pupil and is refracted by the cornea and the lens, which collectively focus the image onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells, namely rods and cones, which absorb photons and convert light energy into electrochemical signals. These signals are then processed by layers of neurons and transmitted out of the eye via the optic nerve, allowing the perception of color, detail, and movement.