Energy harvesting is the technical process of capturing ambient, normally wasted forms of energy and converting them into a usable electrical or mechanical form. This discipline encompasses various methods, including the utilization of piezoelectric effects to convert mechanical strain into voltage, or the use of thermoelectric materials to generate power from temperature differences. These technologies allow small electronic devices to be self-powered by ambient energy sources, such as human movement, structural vibrations, or natural temperature gradients. The development of reliable energy harvesting systems is crucial for powering sensors and monitoring equipment in remote or inaccessible environments where traditional power grid connections are impractical.