A hammer is a simple, manual striking tool designed to focus impact energy at a single point. Its mechanical action relies on converting stored potential energy, accumulated by raising the mass of the head, into kinetic energy upon striking. The force delivered during impact is a function of the head's mass, the velocity achieved just before contact, and the angle of the force application. Scientifically, the tool facilitates efficient momentum transfer, allowing workers to apply localized, high-stress mechanical force to materials such as wood, metal, or stone. The design and materials of a hammer—including the head’s composition, the handle's length, and the striking face's geometry—are optimized to manage forces, mitigate structural vibration, and ensure directed mechanical work.