Gravel is a geological and engineered aggregate material consisting of fragmented, naturally occurring rock particles. Its physical characteristics are defined by particle size distribution, which typically ranges from coarse sand to small cobbles, and its angularity, which affects interlocking and structural stability. In civil engineering, it is widely used as a foundational material for roads, pathways, and drainage systems due to its excellent permeability and structural support. The material's ability to promote subsurface drainage, coupled with its capability to provide a stable base when properly compacted, makes it valuable for construction applications. The optimal performance of gravel relies heavily on its mineral composition and uniform particle grading.