Granite is a common type of intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling and crystallization of magma deep beneath the Earth's surface. Its composition typically consists of interlocking mineral crystals, primarily quartz, feldspar, and mica or amphibole. The variety of mineral phases, combined with the process of slow cooling, contributes to its characteristic crystalline structure and high hardness. Due to its mineralogical composition and density, granite exhibits significant resistance to weathering and erosion. Historically, its physical properties have made it a widely utilized material in construction and industry.