Francium is an alkali metal element found in Group 1 of the periodic table, representing one of the heavier elements in the series. It is characterized by its high chemical reactivity, placing it among the most reactive metals, which readily lose their outermost valence electron. Due to its poor retention and natural abundance, the element is highly radioactive and extremely difficult to isolate in pure form. Consequently, the majority of its scientific study involves understanding its decay series and using synthetic methods to measure its physical and chemical properties.