Geological folds are structural deformities characterized by the bending or curving of rock strata due to intense compressional forces acting on subsurface layers. These structures are fundamental to understanding the history of mountain building and regional tectonics. The two primary types of folds are synclines, which exhibit a trough-like shape with the youngest rocks at the center, and anticlines, which are convexly curved and typically expose the oldest rocks at their crest. The formation of these bends involves the ductile deformation of rock material under stress, often resulting in complex geometries that can vary in tightness and amplitude depending on the magnitude and duration of the applied forces.